The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) defines bioavailability as the fraction of an ingested dose that crosses the gastrointestinal epithelium and becomes available for distribution to internal target tissues and organs. Bioavailability data can be used to provide realistic information on potential health effects of contamination and modify site-specific soil clean-up levels. Bioavailability is best measured using in vivo animal models. However, due to cost and ethical issues associated with animal studies, in vitro models have been developed. The in vitro models determine bioaccessibility, which is the fraction of the contaminant that dissolves in gastrointestinal tract fluids and is available for absorption. Comparisons of in vitro and in vivo results show that bioaccessibility data generated from in vitro models can provide good prediction of selected metal bioavailability including arsenic and lead. After a brief overview of various in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) methods, the rationale for the selection of USEPA Method 1340 for inclusion in the BC Environmental Laboratory Manual along with case examples that incorporate IVBA data for human health risk assessment will be presented.